Atomic number 63 occurs as chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Eu & atomic number 63. It was known as fallowing a celibate Europe.

Notable characteristics
Atomic number 63 is the virtually all reactive of the rare earth elements; it quickly oxidizes in air, & resembles calcium in its reaction with a water supply. Rather more uncommon earths (by having a exception of lanthanum), europium ignites around air at astir 150 °C to 180 °C. These are astir when stiff when lead & quite ductile.

Applications
No commercial applications for atomic number 63 metal, although it has been utilized to dope a select few types of polyester to produce lasers. Due to its ability to soak up neutrons, these are besides existence exposed for utilise inside nuclear reactors. Atomic number 63 oxide (Eu_DeuceO_Threesome) is widely utilized as a red phosphor within boob tube, & as an activator for yttrium-based phosphors. These are besides existence utilized as an professional for the manufacture of fluorescent glass. The salt of Atomic number 63 occurs as component of the newly phosphorescent powders & paints, a select few of which may glow for times when two or three proceedings of exposure to weak.

History
Eu was foremost detected by Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1890, who found basic fraction from either samarium-gadolinium concentrates which had ghostlike lines non accounted for by samarium or gadolinium; however, a discovery of atomic number 63 is usually credited to French chemist Eugène-Antole Demarçay, who suspected samples of the recently found element samarium were contaminated by owning an unknown element within 1896 and who was suspire to isolate atomic number 63 around 1901.

Pure atomic number 63 metal was non isolated until recent years.

Occurrence
Atomic number 63 is never witnessed around nature and severity when a loose element; even so, there are numbers of minerals containing eu, by having a first sources existence bastnasite and monazite. Eu has too been identified in the spectra of the sun & certain stars.

Compounds
Eu compounds include:

Fluorides EuF₂ EuF₃ Chlorides EuCl₂ EuCl₃ Bromides EuBr₂ EuBr₃ Iodides EuI₂ EuI₃ Oxides Eu₂O₃ Eu₃O₄ Sulfides EuS Selenides EuSe Tellurides EuTe Nitrides EuN

Isotopes
Naturally occurring eu is composed of Ii stable isotopes, 151-Eu and 153-Eu, by using 153-Eu existence a virtually all abundant (52.2% natural abundance). 35 radioisotopes have been characterized, by using the virtually all horse barn existence 150-Eu with a half-life of 36.9 years, 152-Eu using the half-life of Baker's dozen.516 years, & 154-Eu by using the half-life of Eighter from decatur.593 years. 100% of the leftover radioactive isotopes have half-lifes that come less than Quadruplet.76Twelve years, & a majority one develop half lifes that come less than 12.Two seconds. This element besides has Eight meta states, with a virtually all stalls existence 150m-Eu (t_½ Dozen.Eight hours), 152m1-Eu (t_½ Nina from carolina.3116 hours) & 152m2-Eu (t_½ 96 transactions).

A primary decay mode before the virtually all abundant stable isotope, 153-Eu, is electron capture, and a primary mode fallowing is beta minus decay. A primary decay products before 153-Eu come element Sm (samarium) isotopes and a primary products when come element Gd (gadolinium) isotopes.

Precautions
A toxicity of atomic number 63 compounds has non been fully investigated, however no clear indications that eu is extremely toxic in comparison more heavily metals. the metallic dust presents a fire & explosion hazard. Atomic number 63 has there are no known biological role.